‘Project Smart
English’
Shaping Young Minds
Common Mistakes in use
of English-Lesson 52
By Vs Until
Both until
and by indicate “any time before, but not later than.”
Until tells us how long a
situation continues. If something happens until a particular
time, you stop doing it at that time.
For example:
They lived in a small house
until September 2003.
(They stopped living there in September.)
(They stopped living there in September.)
I will be away until Wednesday.
(I will be back on Wednesday.)
(I will be back on Wednesday.)
We also use until
in negative sentences.
For example:
Details will not be
available until January.
(January is the earliest you can expect to receive the details.)
(January is the earliest you can expect to receive the details.)
If something happens by
a particular time, it happens at or before that time. It is often used to
indicate a deadline.
For example:
You have to finish by
August 31.
(August 31 is the last day you can finish; you may finish before this date.)
(August 31 is the last day you can finish; you may finish before this date.)
We also use by
when asking questions.
For example:
Will the details be available
by December?
(This asks if they will be ready no later than December.)
(This asks if they will be ready no later than December.)
Check (V) Vs Control (V)
To check means to examine. To make
certain that something or someone is correct, safe or suitable by examining it
or them quickly.
For example: "You should always check
your oil, water and tyres before taking your car on a long trip."
To control means to order, limit,
instruct or rule something, or someone's actions or behavior.
For example: "If you can't control
your dog, put it on a lead!"
What you shouldn't do is
use the verb control in association with people and the work they do.
For example: "I check my
students' homework, but I can't control what they do!"
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